Past Simple and Past Continuous: អតីតកាលធម្មតា និង អតីតកាលកំពុងបន្ត

1. From:
   Past Simple: អតីតកាលធម្មតា
   Positive: ប្រយោគស្រប
   (I/You/We/They/He/She/It) walked.
   

Negative: ប្រយោគបដិសេធ

(I/You/We/They/He/She/It0 (didn’t /did not) walk.

Question: ប្រយោគសំណួរ

Did (Didn’t /Did not) (I/you/we/they/he/she/it) walk.
Where did (I/you/we/they/he/she/it do)?

A lot of very common verbs are irregular in the Past Simple form. គ្រប់កិរិយាស័ព្ទសាមញ្ញជាច្រើនគឺ មិនទៀងទាត់ (ប្រែប្រួល) នៅក្នុងទម្រងអតីតកាលធម្មតា។

Example: go - went; come - came; eat - ate; leave - left

Spelling of the Past Simple: ការប្រកបនៃអតីតកាលធម្មតា

1). The normal rule is add –ed to the base form of the verb. តាមធម្មតាគឺថែម –ed ទៅលើទម្រង់កិរិយាស័ព្ទដើម។
Example: work - worked; want - wanted; help - helped; wash - washed
2).When the verbs end in –e, just add –d. ពេលកិរិយាស័ព្ទបញ្ចប់ដោយ –e គ្រាន់តែថែម –d ប៉ុណ្ណោះ។
Example: like - liked; bake - baked; smoke - smoked; smile - smiled
3). In verbs of one syllable that ending in (one vowel + one consonant), double the consonant. ចំពោះកិរិយាស័ព្ទ មានតែមួយព្យាង្គ ដែលបញ្ចប់ដោយ (ស្រ:១+ព្យញ្ជន:១), ត្រូវដាក់ព្យញ្ជន:ឲ្យបានពីរ (ឌុប)។
Example: stop - stopped; plan - planned; grab - grabbed
 But: book - booked; look - looked; cook - cooked
The consonant is not double if the consonant is –y or –w. ព្យញ្ជន:មិនដាក់ឲ្យបានពីរទេប្រសិនព្យញ្ជន:ជា –y រឺ –w។
Example: show - showed; play - played; stay - stayed
4). Most two-syllabled verbs the consonant is doubled if the stress is on the second syllable. ភាគច្រើនកិរិយាស័ព្ទដែលមានពាក្យពីរព្យាង្គ ព្យញ្ជន:គឺត្រូវដាក់ឲ្យបានពីរ ប្រសិនបើមានការសង្កត់សម្លេងធ្ងន់នៅលើព្យាង្គទី២។
Example: pre’fer - preferred; ad’mit - ad’mitted
5). Verbs that end in a consonant + -y move –y and add –ied. កិរិយាស័ព្ទដែលបញ្ចប់ដោយ (consonant + -y) ត្រូវលុប -yចោល ហើយថែម -ied។
Example: carry - carried; bury - buried

Past Continuous: អតីតកាលកំពុងបន្ត

Positive: ប្រយោគស្រប
(I/He/She/It) was walking.

(You/We/They) were walking.

Negative: ប្រយោគបដិសេធ
I am not walking.
(You/We/They) (were not/ weren’t) walking.
(I/He/She/It) (was not/wasn’t) walking?

Question: ប្រយោគសំណួរ

Where were (you/we/they) walking?
Were/(Weren’t /Were not) (you/we/they) walking?

Where was (I/he/she/it) walking?

Was (Wasn’t /Was not) (I/he/she/it) walking?

Exercise 3

For each sentence, choose the best word or phrase to complete the gap from the choices below.
1. At six o'clock last night Ryoko ……………………………………… television in her apartment.
2. After the lesson, I ……………………………………… some lunch and then I went for a walk.
3. When I was a child I ……………………………… a toy that looked like a dragon.
4. While Sonia ……………………………….. the film, somebody stole her jacket with her passport in it.
5. At seven fifteen this morning, I ……………………………………….. down the High Street when I saw my teacher, David.
6. I looked in the classroom and saw five students. They …………………………………. a magazine article on the wall.
7. The robber quickly picked up the money, ran to the door and …………………………………… out onto the street.
8. While I was doing my homework last night, the telephone ………………………………………. . It was my mother calling me with some good news.
9. While the police were looking for the murderer, he ………………………………………. the country with a false passport.
10. At the concert, all the parents ……………………………………… politely to the children trying to play their instruments.
11. When Samuel arrived home from work, just after midninght, his wife ……………………………………….. for him with an angry expression on her face.
12. Last night, between ten o'clock and midninght, I could clearly hear the couple in the flat next to mine. They ………………………………………………. an argument about what to watch on TV.
Choose the answers: 1). watched / was watched / watching / was watching; 2). had / was had / was having / having; 3). had / was had / was having / having; 4). watched / was watched / watching / was watching; 5). was walked / walked / was walking / walking; 6). all reading / all read / were all reading / were all read; 7). was rushing / was rushed / rushing / rushed; 8). was ringing / ringing / rang / was rang; 9). leaving / left / was left / had been leaving; 10). listened/ listening / were listened / listen; 11). waited / was waited / was waiting / waiting; 12). had / were had / were having / having.

Used to:ធ្លាប់
a. Form: ទម្រង់
used to + infinitive

Positive: ប្រយោគស្រប

(I/You/We/They/He/She/It) used to go to school.

Negative: ប្រយោគបដិសេធ

(I/You/We/They/He/She/It) (didn’t /did not) use to go to school.

Question: ប្រយោគសំណួរ

Did (Didn’t /Did not) (I/you/we/they/he/she/it) use to go to school?

Note:

There is no Present Tense form of this structure (I used to go). Do not confuse it with I am used to going…, which means I am accustomed to going… . មិនមែនជា សំណង់ទម្រង់បច្ចុប្បន្នកាលទេ(ខ្ញុំធ្លាប់ទៅ)។ កុំច្រឡំវាជាមួយនឹង ខ្ញុំធ្លាប់ទៅ… ដែលមានន័យថា ខ្ញុំ(ធ្លាប់/ស៊ាំ)ទៅ…។(ត្រង់នេះ វាមានន័យថា ជាទម្លាប់ទៅវិញ)
b. Use:ប្រើ
To talk about the Past habits and to suggest that the situation is now different. ដើម្បីនិយាយអំពីទម្លាប់អតីតកាល ហើយបង្ហាញឲ្យឃើញថា ស្ថានភាពឥឡូវនេះគឺខុសពីគ្នា។
When I was younger, my mother used to give me and my sisters a lot of broccoli to eat. Now I love broccoli but I didn’t use to. Did you use to like green vegetables?
កាលខ្ញុំនៅក្មេងជាងនេះ,ម្តាយរបស់ខ្ញុំធ្លាប់បានឲ្យខាត់ណាច្រើនៗដល់ខ្ញុំនិងបងប្អូនស្រីខ្ញុំញ៉ាំ។ ឥឡួវនេះខ្ញុំស្រឡាញ់(ចូលចិត្ត) ខាត់ណា ខ្ញុំមិនបានធ្លាប់ ស្រឡាញ់(ចូលចិត្ត) នោះទេ។ តើអ្នកធ្លាប់បានចូលចិត្តបន្លែបៃតងឬអត់?

Exercise 4

Fill in the gaps:

1. I didn’t ………………………………..play tennis. (a. use to; b.uses to; c.used to; d.use)
   

2. Susan …………………………………drink milk when she was young. (a.didn’t use to; b.use to; c.has; d.was)
   

3. I didn’t ……………………………………watch television. (a. use to; b.uses to; c.used to; d.use)
   

4. What……………………………….. you use to wear at school? (a. did; b.do; c.are; d.have)
   

5. Did they …………………………………..go to the cinema? (a. use to; b.used; c.used to; d.use)
   

6. People ………………………………….. travel on horses. (a. use to; b.used; c.used to; d.use)
   

7. Ted used to ………………………………my best friend, but he lives in Canada now. (a. is; b.be; c.are; d.being)
   

8. We………………………………………….. play marbles. (a. use to; b.used; c.used to; d.use)
   

9. She ………………………….cook for me, but now my wife cooks at home. (a. use to; b.used; c.used to; d.use)
   

10. I………………………………………….start work at 9 o'clock. (a. use to; b.used; c.used to; d.use)
    

11. We didn’t …………………………………………..swim in the river. (a. use to; b.used; c.used to; d.use)
    

12. Pele …………………………… play football in Brazil. (a. use to; b.used; c.used to; d.use)

13. I ……………………………….go to the beach every day. (a. use to; b.uses to; c.used to; d.use)